Cisco Certification Frequently Asked Questions

Archive-Name: Certification/Cisco/Frequently Asked Questions
Version: 03:02:00 Part 1 of 3
Posted: Weekly (Thursday)
Title: Part 1 - Introduction

alt.certification.cisco Frequently Asked Questions
============================================
Index:-

Part 1 - Introduction
=====================
10.0 Statement of objectives

11.0 Administrivia
----------------------
11.1 Cisco non-disclosure agreement.
11.2 Cisco Acceptable usage policy.
11.3 Before you post a question.

12.0 What is Cisco accreditation
------------------------------------
12.1 Where do certification holders work?
12.2 Difference MCSE and Cisco certifications?
12.3 Watered Down Certificates
12.4 How many certification holders are there?
12.5 What accreditation is offered?
12.6 Salary Surveys

13.0 Testing
----------------
13.1 Who administers tests
13.2 Where can I find test objectives
13.3 Taking the test
13.4 What is the Passmark?
13.5 When do I know I have passed the test?
13.9 What happens after the test

14.0 Learning resources
---------------------------
14.1 Cisco Connection Online
14.2 How can I get the necessary knowledge?
14.3 Where can I get Cisco training?
14.4 What publications are available?
14.5 Standards (RFC)
14.6 What simulation products are available?
14.7 Testing simulator software
14.8 Study Groups

15.0 Getting practical experience.
--------------------------------------
15.1 Home Lab.
15.2 Work Lab.
15.3 Online Labs.
15.4 Simulation.

16.0 Dealing with Cisco.
----------------------------
16.1 Cisco Connection Online Account
16.2 Q: What are ten things I should know about the Cisco Connection
online front page?

17.0 Links
--------------

18.0 Credits
----------------

Part 2 - Certifications
=======================
21.0 Q: What accreditation is offered?
22.0 Q: What is the Network Installation and Support stream?
23.0 Q: What is the Network Installation and Support (WAN) stream?
24.0 Q: What is the Network Engineering and Design stream?
25.0 Q: What is the Network Engineering and Design (WAN) stream?
26.0 Q: What is the Communications and Services stream?
27.0 Q: What are Specialist Designations?
28.0 Q: What are the Cisco Partner Specialisation Exams?
29.0 Entry Level CCNA, CCNA(WAN), CCDA
210.0 Journeyman Level CCIP, CCNP, CCNP(WAN), CCDP
211.0 Professional Level CCIE
212.0 Specializations
213.0 Spare
214.0 The Lost Exams Home
215.0 Cisco Certification Renewal Policy
216.0 Beta Exams

Part 3 - Practical Issues
=========================
31.0 Q: What is involved in a Home Laboratory?
32.0 Router basics.
33.0 Switch Basics.
34.0 Internet Basics
35.0 Access Lists
36.0 Links

==============================================

10.0 Statement of objectives
====================================
This FAQ is for the newsgroup alt.certification.cisco

The objective of this group is to act as a learning resource for those
wishing to undertake any of the certification tests offered by Cisco Systems.

It is intended to offer help with those questions associated with Cisco
certification which a person has difficulty, finds obscure or in need of further

clarification.

It is also intended to help those who seek to reinforce theory by
implementing networking scenarios associated with that theory.

While everyone on this group likes to look at real life situations, questions
about these scenarios are better asked in comp.dcom.sys.cisco, the
professional newsgroup.

Finally it is to act as a community to discuss other issues involved in gaining
Cisco certification, posting of news, passes and fails, wins and losses,
laughter and sadness, matters serious and silly.

This FAQ is not guaranteed complete, error free or free of bias. The result
represents the sum of general thought on various subjects discussed on the
group over a period of time. Any errors notified will be dealt with as soon as
possible after notification.

This is intended to be a living document, so please submit new topics as they
arise. Contributors will be acknowledged.

11.0 Administrivia
======================
11.1 Non-disclosure agreement
---------------------------------
Note:- All people on this site who have passed a Cisco exam have signed

a strict non-disclosure agreement about the type, nature and contents
of the test questions.

Any Cisco accreditation possessed by anyone who breaks the NDA can be
withdrawn, which may lead to financial penalty to both the person
breaking the NDA and their employer.

This means that the non-disclosure agreement is usually honored fairly
strictly and questions submitted to the group which are felt contrary
to the spirit of the NDA can lead to the questioner being flamed and/
or ridiculed.

Unless you are wearing your asbestos underwear, this might not be the
best way to make friends and influence people in this newsgroup.

11.2 Acceptable use policy.
-------------------------------
The use of any Cisco Systems material may be the subject of an
agreement, which must be signed before the material, e.g logo may be
used.

11.3 Before you post a question.
------------------------------------
Most usenet posts are archived back several years on
http://groups.google.com/
A search on this site will allow one to rapidly catch up with previous
postings and enable you to better define your query.
Many questions and answers have been posted many times before.

12.0 What is Cisco Accreditation?
=====================================
12.1 Q: Which areas of computer networking do holders of Cisco Systems
accreditation work?
A: Implementation of LANs and WANs.

12.2 Q: What is the difference between an operating system qualification
such as the MCSE and Cisco Systems.

12.2.1 A: Operating Systems
Operating system qualifications concentrate predominantly on the
implementation, operation and maintenance of specific operating systems
on servers and workstations. They treat networking and connectivity
issues in general terms which are sufficient for limited understanding
of the network connectivity issues which affect the operation of those
servers and workstations.
Server/Workstation product centered, network implementation generic.

12.2.2 A: Cisco
Cisco qualifications concentrate mainly on the implementation,
operation and maintenance of Cisco based networks. Operating systems
are dealt with only to the extent that explain the requirements placed
on the network by the operating systems of the computer systems
operating over it.
Network product centered, Operating system generic.

12.3 Q: I have heard that CCxx certifications are becoming watered down,
like the MCSE.
12.3.1 The polite Answer.
A: It is a bit circular to discuss the loss of prestige of a
certification due to the increased numbers of holders, on a newsgroup
dedicated to increasing the numbers of holders of that certification.
Please encourage those seeking to gain knowledge, discourage those
seeking the less ethical path.

Otherwise :- Please do not feed the Troll.

12.3.2 The not so polite answer.
A: Yes, we heard that too. Perhaps you would be better off posting
this in some other newsgroup. Or, just simply go away.

12.4 Q: How many CCNA/CCNP/CCIE etc. are there?
12.4.1 A: CCNA/CCDA/CCNP/CCDP: The numbers change constantly
and are not publicly released by Cisco on a regular basis.

12.4.2 A: CCIE: Use link below:-
http://www.cisco.com/warp/public/625/ccie/ccie_program/ccie_present.html

12.13 Some Salary Information
--------------------------------
CCNA salaries can be found here:
http://www.tcpmag.com/salarysurvey/2001/default.asp?id=SALARY01&cid=91
CCNP salaries can be found here:
http://www.tcpmag.com/salarysurvey/2001/default.asp?id=SALARY01&cid=92
CCDA salaries can be found here:
http://www.tcpmag.com/salarysurvey/2001/default.asp?id=SALARY01&cid=93
CCDP salaries can be found here:
http://www.tcpmag.com/salarysurvey/2001/default.asp?id=SALARY01&cid=94
and finally CCIE numbers can be found here:
http://www.tcpmag.com/salarysurvey/2001/default.asp?id=SALARY01&cid=95

I tend to believe these numbers since these numbers are fairly current.
According to the numbers, a CCNA should be making at least $43,000/year as a
bare minimum, depending on geography, and as much as $86,000/year depending
on their level of experience and geographic region. As the chart shows, the South
pays the least money in general, while the East pays the most in general. This
is true of the other Cisco certifications as far as I can tell.
["N/A" Mar 2001]

13.0 Testing
================
13.1. Who Administers these tests?
-------------------------------------
13.1.1 CCNA, CCNP and CCIE
Sylvan Prometric
VUE

13.1.2 How much do they cost?
Approximately US $100 per test
The CCNP foundation test is US $200
CCIE Qualification test US $300
CCIE Lab test $1250

Comment: for overseas readers of the FAQ, the prices change as the currency
exchange rates vary, so the best source of costing is the local branch of the
testing organisation close to when the test is booked. (Sylvan Prometric, Vue
or successor/ competitors)

13.1.3 Where are the tests conducted?
Usually the tests can be taken wherever the testing organisations have
representatives. Refer to their websites or when booking query the
availability of testing centres at, or near your location.

13.2 Where can I find the objectives of the test?
-----------------------------------------------------
13.2.1 Q: Where can I find the objectives of the test?
A: www.cisco.com

13.2.2 Q: Do I really have to know ... for the ... test?
A: Technically, if its on the exam objectives published by Cisco,
its fair game for the exam. Of course, each exam concentrates on
specific things, and some things are so basic that you absolutely
*must* know them, such as subnetting and the OSI model. Study the
material and not the test. (JRE)

13.3 Taking the Test
------------------------
13.3.1 Q: Do I need identification when taking the test?
A: You may need several items of identification to sit the test. Check
tester's website for current retails.

13.3.2 Q: How long have I to complete the test?
A: 65 to 70 minutes.

13.3.3 Q: How many questions do I have to answer?
A: Approximately seventy.

13.3.4 Q: What format are the questions?
The questions are multiformat single and multichoice questions. Some
additional activities can be expected. Expect radio buttons, check
boxes, text boxes etc. Also with popup boxes for exhibits, drawings
etc. Take advantage of the Sylvan pre-test demonstration before taking
the actual test.

13.3.5 Q: With check boxes does the exam test that I have checked enough?
A: The exam checks that you have checked enough boxes.

13.3.6 Q: Once I have answered the question can I go back?
A: You are not allowed to go back to previous questions.

13.3.7 Q: Can I take a calculator into the test?
A: No form of calculator is allowed, handheld or windows.
All calculation must be carried out either by mental arithmetic or
using the scratch paper/ media provided by the examination centre.

13.4 What is the passmark?
------------------------------
Cisco revise the tests, the questions and the passmark periodically.
The passmark at the moment is:-

CCNA2 (640-507) mid 800's (849)(up from low 800's)
CCDA mid 700's (755)
CCNP2 (Various) low to mid 700's for each of the four tests
CCDP2 (Various) Ditto

Comment(1): Study the material and not the test. Never assume you have a cushion

to work with. Fight for every answer. (JRE)
Comment(2): Make sure you are learning the material and not memorizing
the test questions as the questions are drawn from an extensive question bank.
Davidm

13.5 Q: How is the exam marked?
----------------------------------
A: The exam is marked from 300 to 1000. Minimum mark 300.

13.6 Q: When do I know I have passed the test?
--------------------------------------------------
A: The exam is marked at the completion of the test.
A certified copy of your results is available with a breakdown of your
strengths and weaknesses in the various test areas.

13.9 What happens after I have passed the test?
---------------------------------------------------
13.9.1 Q: How long does it take to transfer my exam results to the Galton
Database?
A: Allow three working days for the results to be transferred to the
Galton database. Your results can be accessed either initially by your
testing centre ID number and candidate number, later by Cisco ID number
and password.

13.9.2 Q: How do I find the Galton database?
A: You can find the Galton database through the Cisco website.

13.9.3 Q: How do I apply for Cisco Logo?
A: Upon access to the Galton site, you can apply for the appropriate
Cisco Logos for stationery etc. They will be return emailed to you as
an attachment. Sign necessary licenses when required.

13.9.4 Q: How long does it take to get my documentation package?
A: Allow 6 to 8 weeks for the certificate and wallet card to be
mailed to you. Refer to Cisco site for current information.

13.9.5 Q: Are any other items provided?
A: Tee shirts are no longer available. (Rats!)

14.0 Learning resources
===========================
14.1 Cisco online
---------------------
14.1.1 The prime source of all information on all things Cisco is the
website cisco connection online. www.cisco.com

14.1.2 It is almost as necessary to be able to use this site as it is to gain
certification.

14.1.3 Many publications, guides, job aids and equipment manuals are available

in html or pdf format on this site.

14.2 How can I get the necessary knowledge?
-----------------------------------------------
14.2.1 Q: How can I get the necessary knowledge?
A: The approach to the required training depends on the individual's
circumstance. It may consist of a mixture of courses, self-study, work
experience and home laboratory demonstrations.

14.3 Where can I get Cisco training?
----------------------------------------
14.3.1 Cisco training partner
Cisco approved training courses
Advantage:- Short Duration
Disadvantage:- Cost, High pressure.
Intended audience:- Those working in the field with some experience
http://www.cisco.com for a list of training partners

14.3.2 Cisco Network Academy
Comprehensive network education aimed at secondary school students
originated by Cisco. (Year 9-12)
Advantages:- Price (Usually cheap), some hands on prac.
Disadvantage:- Long Duration (1 - 2 Years (4 semesters) for CCNA)
Intended Audience:-Year 10-12 school students as a technology elective.
Sometimes post year 12 schools offer this course as part of their
curriculum.
Some schools also offer semesters 5-7 leading to CCNP
http ://cisco.com

14.3.3 Third party training
There are various third party vendors offering training towards the
CCNA in particular.
Advantage:- wider availability
Disadvantage:- Cost, Possible variable quality (Caveat Emptor)
Intended audience:- those to whom a Cisco qualification is important,
often in association with other IT certifications.

14.3.4 Self Study
Self study is an option as formal classroom study may not be an option.
Advantage:- No fixed times for study.
Disadvantage:- Need to be disciplined enough to have a firm timeline
for completion of study.

14.3.4.1 Online Study
Cisco through partners offers online training. Refer Cisco site.
Other vendors may offer similar training.

14.3.4.2 Books/ Hardware/ multimedia
Many books are available for at least the core certifications.
Look to book/ simulation and multimedia presentations as a newer
option.

14.4 What publications are available?
-----------------------------------------
14.4.1 Cisco Press
http://www.ciscopress.com

Cisco press offer several lines of books.

14.4.1.1 Cisco Network Academy Titles

14.4.1.2 Cisco Certification, Various Certificates and Specializations.
Many titles, mostly two books for each test, a course book and a
study guide.
Course book is a formal presentation of material -if you do not
have much background.
Certification Guide if you have significant background. They use
a test/ study material/ test revision like format.
Both if you are obsessed.

14.4.1.3 CCIE Professional Development Library

14.4.1.4 Cisco Professional Publications
Extensive range of books on various network areas.
Valuable for background/ further reading for certifications as several
of these publications are the basis of parts of courses and testing.
e.g. Top Down Network Design Priscilla Oppenheimer - (CCDA/DP)
Internet Routing Architectures Sam Halabi - (BSCN)

14.4.1.5 Cisco IOS Documentation
Most of this is available on the Cisco website, but is in edited hard
copy for those who find they need it.

14.4.2 Sybex
http://scooter.sybex.com/sybexbooks.nsf/homepage
Certification books are by Tod Lammle and various co-authors.

14.4.3 Mcgraw-Hill
http://www.books.mcgraw-hill.com/
Several lines of books, some certification related some not.
Main author of certification texts is Snygrass et al.

14.4.4 Others
Various other publishers offer books

14.5 Standards
------------------
The standards for the internet are the RFCs. Complete copies of the
relevant RFCs are freely available from various sites on the internet,
including Cisco, in text format and without charge.
RFCs ftp://ftpeng.cisco.com/fred/rfc-index/rfc.html

14.6 What simulation products are available
-----------------------------------------------
14.6.1 Q: Where can I find a good router simulator?
A: "Never used one myself, but I think these are popular:
www.routersim.com
www.boson.com" (JRE)

14.7 Testing simulator software etc.
----------------------------------------
14.7.1 Q: Where can I download the Boson tests/cracks?
A: They are $30, how cheap can you be? Go buy them. (JRE)
http://www.boson.com

14.7.2 Q: How good are Transcenders for Cisco tests?
A: The general opinion of the group is that they are of limited use.
The Cisco question banks are too large and diverse, to pass the exam on

memorizing questions alone.

14.8 Groups
---------------------
14.8.1 Study Group
14.8.1.1 Q: What is a study group
14.8.1.2 Q: What are the advantages of belonging to a study group?
A:

14.8.1.3 Q: What are the disadvantages of belonging to a study group?
A:

14.8.2 Users Group
14.8.2.1 Q: What is a Users Group
A:

14.8.2.1 Q: What are the advantages of belonging to a Users Group.
A: From The South Carolina Users Group home page.
"Technology updates - we want to keep up with the latest in technology
Networking with networkers - we want to maintain contact with those in the
Carolinas who are doing networking
Encourage Certifications - we want to support and encourage certification
achievement" South Carolina Users Group
http://www.angelfire.com/sc/cisco/

14.8.2.2 Q: What are the disadvantages of belonging to a Users Group
A:

15.0 Getting practical experience
=====================================
15.0 Network Lab
--------------------
Most people find it necessary to have at least some practical
experience implementing some of the concepts on the various exam
syllabi. This means purchasing equipment, using spare equipment at
work, the use of online laboratories or simulation.

15.1 Home Lab.
------------------
15.1.1 Q: What reason would someone want a Home Lab?
A: A home lab is useful to demonstrate concepts which come up on the
job, at school, or through study. It is also useful to get experience
in areas where you might not otherwise get it.

15.1.2 Q: What is the main limit on the size of a home lab?
A: The prime limit on the size of a home lab is the cost, followed by
the need to find space to store the equipment.

15.1.3 Q: What are the challenges faced by someone building a home lab?
A: For those buying equipment, the challenge is to implement as many
concepts as possible without buying sufficient equipment for a large
ISP. Most buy secondhand, from online auctions etc.

15.1.4 Q: What are the disadvantages of a home lab?
A: The two main disadvantages of a home lab are the cost and the
pending obsolescence of equipment purchased. Plus there is the ever
present problem of needing just one more piece of equipment to complete
a project.

15.1.5 Q: What else can I expect from a home lab?
A: The ability to go further than study and trying out concepts to
develop solutions to networking problems.

15.2 Using equipment at work.
---------------------------------
15.2.1 Q: What are the advantages of using equipment at work?
A: Using equipment at work has the advantage of working with current
equipment, or recently de-commissioned equipment. If a good development
lab is available, it is a great advantage.

15.2.2 Q: What are the disadvantages of using equipment at work?
A: If there is limited chance to gain the range of experience required
- then it is necessary to supplement this work experience with home
labs.

15.3 Online Labs
--------------------
Various locations on the web offer access to various switches and
routers for configuration practice. Search either in the group or via
search engine to locate such a facility. These may either be free or
require a fee for use.

15.4 Using simulated networks
---------------------------------
15.4.1 Q: What Does Simulation Offer?
A: Simulation offers mixed switch and router configuration exercises.

15.4.2 Q: What are the advantages of simulation?
A: The advantage of simulation is that a number of configuration
exercises involving a number of items of equipment can be performed
without the need to purchase equipment and deal with IOS versions.

15.4.3 Q: What are the disadvantages of Simulation?
A: Simulation is limited in that only a subset of the configuration
commands are implemented. This limits the simulation essentially to
the exercises.

"Never used one myself, but I think these are popular:
www.routersim.com
www.boson.com " (JRE)
http://www.simulatednetworks.com

16.0 Dealing with Cisco
===========================
16.1 Q: How do I get access to CCO?
---------------------------------------
A: Either buy a service contract on a piece of Cisco hardware, or sign
up for their consultant program.

The whole website is CCO.
Casual users - those who don't have an account have access to the
extensive public areas.
Those who have an account have access to further private areas.
To gain an account to these areas you must be:-
1/ An equipment owner with a maintenance contract. (Smartnet)
2/ A retailer signed up under retailer program
3/ A system consultant signed up under consultant program
4/ CCIE.
5/ Cisco employee
Areas include IOS images, bug fixes and updates.

16.2 Q: What are ten things I should know about the Cisco Connection online
front page?
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------

The Cisco home page has a number of web components. These are a
text search box, drop down selection boxes, straight HTML links and a
number of pushbuttons.

Virtually every component on the Cisco home page will take you to an area
of the Cisco Website.

16.2.1 Q: What is the component which does not have a link attached?
A: The component which does not have a link is the "Cisco Connection
Online" text at the top right.

16.2.2 Q: What happens if I click my mouse on the Cisco logo?
A: Double clicking on the Cisco Systems logo takes you to the LOGO
page.
Information on the various Cisco logos, how to obtain them and the
usage thereof is obtained by clicking on the Cisco Logo.

16.2.3 Q: How do I search the Cisco Website?
The type in text box enables a search of the Cisco site. Type in the
keywords referring to the information you want to find in the text box
and either enter or click the "Go" Button with the mouse.

for example "password recovery" and a model number will enable you to
search for the password recovery technique for a specific router.

16.2.4 Q: What is the purpose of the row of text under the logo at the top
right?
A: The coloured text lines under the large text "Cisco Connection
Online" on the white background takes you directly into areas of the
Website.

The Components are:-
How to Buy (Orange) Connects you to information on the dealer network.
Login (Green) Logs you in if you have an account.
Register (White) Is how you register for an account.
Map/Help (White) Is the way to get help about using the website
Countries/ Languages (White) Enable you to change the language of
the CCO home page.

Mouse clicking on Countries/Languages at the end of the line enables
you to change the home page language.

Within the large box with the white background,
-----------------------------------------------

16.2.5 Q: What does the "Solutions for your Network" selection box do?
A: This selection box takes you to specific network solutions.

16.2.6 Q: What does the "Products and Technologies" selection box do?
A: This selection box takes you to product categories.

For example to find product information on routers, click onto the
selection box and select routers from the options.

16.2.7 Q: What are the properties of the text in this box?
A: The rest of this box consists of hypertext links.

For example clicking on the phrase "Certification and Training" takes
you to the directly to the certification and training home page.

The RED text takes you to the home page for a specific area.

The BLUE text takes you to lower level home pages. Many of these pages
consist again of hypertext links which enable you to drill down further
into the site.

For greater impact there are a number of buttons with legends on top
which will take you to parts of the Cisco Website that are the subject of
special attention. These are on the blue background to the right of the webpage.

16.2.8 Q: What are the properties of the "News@Cisco" graphic?
A: The "News @ Cisco" graphic will take you to the press releases.
A specific press release has a link from within this graphic.

16.2.9 Q: What are the properties of the text in the middle of the blue box?
A: The three text components under this which are separated by
horizontal lines are links to areas of the Website.

16.2.10 Q: What are the properties of the grapics on the lower right?
A: The three graphic boxes under this are pushbuttons which will again
take you to areas of the Website which correspond to the legend on the
pushbutton.

17.0 Links
==============
17.1 alt.certification.cisco FAQ

Michael N. Rubino
http://mrubino.com:8080/ciscofaq

Keith T. Williams
http://www.globalserve.net/~keithw/ciscocertfaq/

Bob Connor
http://members.dingoblue.net.au/~bob_connor/altcertificationcisco_faq.htm (Old)

17.2 Usenet archive
------------------------
http://groups.google.com/

17.4 Cisco Links
---------------------
RFCs ftp://ftpeng.cisco.com/fred/rfc-index/rfc.html

Configuration Fundamentals Command Reference (11.3)
http://www.cisco.com/univercd/cc/td/doc/product/software/ios113ed
/113ed_cr/fun_r/index.htm (watch line wrap)

Internetwork Design Guide
http://www.cisco.com/univercd/cc/td/doc/cisintwk/idg4/index.htm

Internetwork Case studies
http://www.cisco.com/univercd/cc/td/doc/cisintwk/ics/index.htm

Internetwork technology Overview
http://www.cisco.com/univercd/cc/td/doc/cisintwk/ito_doc/index.htm

17.5 JREs Links
Here's a partial of my favorites (in no particular order):
www.boson.com
www.groupstudy.com
www.certificationzone.com
http://www.cisco.com/cgi-bin/front.x/wwtraining/colt/ColtLogin.pl
http://www.cisco.com/univercd/cc/td/doc/
http://www.cisco.com/univercd/cc/td/doc/cisintwk/ito_doc/index.htm
http://www2.priscilla.com/priscilla/cit/toc.html
http://www.fatkid.com/
http://www.ccbootcamp.com/ccielab.htm
---JRE---

17.9 Odd Links
-------------------
Sniffing FAQ
http://www.robertgraham.com/pubs/sniffing-faq.html

IANA Home Page
http://www.iana.org/

IETF Home Page
http://www.ietf.org/

18.0 Credits
================
Originator "J. R. Ford" [email protected]
This version "davidm" [email protected]

Contributions:-
JRE "NoOneYouKnow" [email protected]
Bob Connor

CCIE Information:-
Unknown psion1

Salary Information
"N/A"

Access Lists and RFC addresses
Paul J Murphy

Proofreading:-
Chris Sherlock
Authur Raymond

I have received notice that some people have put the FAQ on their websites.

Michael N. Rubino
http://mrubino.com:8080/ciscofaq

Keith T. Williams
http://www.globalserve.net/~keithw/ciscocertfaq/

Bob Connor
http://members.dingoblue.net.au/~bob_connor
/altcertificationcisco_faq.htm (Old)

I have no objection to the FAQ being posted on other sites, I only ask that the
FAQ not be edited, and that it be updated as this FAQ is updated.

An alternative source is http://groups.google.com/ (old deja.com).

All posts in all newsgroups are archived on this site back to 1995.

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